pinenacl 0.6.0

Published Aug 12, 2025

SDKdartflutter

Platformandroidioswindowslinuxmacosweb

The Dart implementation of the PyNaCl APIs with the TweetNaCl cryptographic library

Benchmark

There are 3 type of executables in dart:

JiT: runs the program in the Dart VM by dart or pub run
AoT: compiled native binary for the target OS (iOS, Android, Linux macOS Windows),
JavaScript: runs with node or in browser.

Note: Keep in mind that there are 32 and 64 bit architectures, and it seems that the armv7 compiled dart-sdk does not run under QEMU emulation.

All benchmarks used a 1MB large message for hashing, en/decrypt and sign/verify.

JiT (Dart VM) Benhcmark

Just simply run the benchmarks in Dart VM.

$ pub get
$ pub run benchmark/all_benchmark.dart
| Digest | BLAKE2B | 22.67 MB/s | 114 iterations | 5029 ms | 114.00 MB |
| Digest | SHA-256 | 14.21 MB/s | 72 iterations | 5066 ms | 72.00 MB |
...

Results

Converted to table MacBook Pro (2016), macOS Big Sur, with 2.7GHz i7 /w 16GB

20/01/2021

Alg type	Alg	rate	iterations	time	data throughput
Digest	BLAKE2B	22.67 MB/s	114 iterations	5029 ms	114.00 MB
Digest	SHA-256	14.21 MB/s	72 iterations	5066 ms	72.00 MB
Digest	SHA-512	7.27 MB/s	37 iterations	5089 ms	37.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - sign	3.58 MB/s	18 iterations	5023 ms	18.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - verify	5.76 MB/s	29 iterations	5033 ms	29.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - encrypt	9.56 MB/s	48 iterations	5022 ms	48.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - decrypt	10.78 MB/s	54 iterations	5007 ms	54.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - encrypt	8.77 MB/s	44 iterations	5014 ms	44.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - decrypt	9.88 MB/s	50 iterations	5058 ms	50.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha256	13.35 MB/s	67 iterations	5018 ms	67.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha512	7.60 MB/s	38 iterations	5002 ms	38.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha256	11.47 MB/s	58 iterations	5057 ms	58.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha512	6.50 MB/s	33 iterations	5079 ms	33.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_keypair	623.14 MB/s	3116 iterations	5000 ms	3.04 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305	18.21 MB/s	92 iterations	5052 ms	92.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_beforenm	954.37 MB/s	4772 iterations	5000 ms	4.66 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_afternm	16.44 MB/s	83 iterations	5048 ms	83.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_open_afternm	17.77 MB/s	89 iterations	5007 ms	89.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream	340.49 GB/s	1743291 iterations	5000 ms	1702.43 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream_xor	20.88 MB/s	105 iterations	5029 ms	105.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_salsa20	740.98 GB/s	3793818 iterations	5000 ms	3704.90 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_hsalsa20	754.57 GB/s	3863415 iterations	5000 ms	3772.87 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_point_add	2.01 GB/s	10294 iterations	5000 ms	10.05 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalar_base	527.46 MB/s	2638 iterations	5001 ms	2.58 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult_base	940.88 MB/s	4705 iterations	5000 ms	4.59 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult	911.16 MB/s	4556 iterations	5000 ms	4.45 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_pk_to_x25519_pk	3.04 GB/s	15552 iterations	5000 ms	15.19 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_x25519_sk	99.41 GB/s	508972 iterations	5000 ms	497.04 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_keypair	520.30 MB/s	2602 iterations	5001 ms	2.54 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign	3.78 MB/s	19 iterations	5029 ms	19.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_open	7.64 MB/s	39 iterations	5107 ms	39.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_16	4515.12 GB/s	23117428 iterations	5000 ms	22575.61 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_32	3963.50 GB/s	20293152 iterations	5000 ms	19817.53 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_64	4048.47 GB/s	20728189 iterations	5000 ms	20242.37 GB

AoT (native binary)

$ pub get
$ dart2native benchmark/all_benchmark.dart -o all_benchmark
$ ./all_benchmark
| Digest | BLAKE2B | 21.99 MB/s | 110 iterations | 5001 ms | 110.00 MB |
| Digest | SHA-256 | 7.44 MB/s | 38 iterations | 5108 ms | 38.00 MB |
...

Results

Alg type	Alg	rate	iterations	time	data throughput
Digest	BLAKE2B	21.99 MB/s	110 iterations	5001 ms	110.00 MB
Digest	SHA-256	7.44 MB/s	38 iterations	5108 ms	38.00 MB
Digest	SHA-512	4.89 MB/s	25 iterations	5108 ms	25.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - sign	2.46 MB/s	13 iterations	5290 ms	13.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - verify	3.60 MB/s	18 iterations	5004 ms	18.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - encrypt	7.14 MB/s	36 iterations	5040 ms	36.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - decrypt	6.60 MB/s	34 iterations	5154 ms	34.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - encrypt	7.01 MB/s	36 iterations	5133 ms	36.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - decrypt	6.58 MB/s	33 iterations	5013 ms	33.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha256	8.48 MB/s	43 iterations	5070 ms	43.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha512	5.25 MB/s	27 iterations	5140 ms	27.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha256	7.07 MB/s	36 iterations	5093 ms	36.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha512	4.68 MB/s	24 iterations	5126 ms	24.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_keypair	183.84 MB/s	920 iterations	5004 ms	920.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305	12.66 MB/s	64 iterations	5055 ms	64.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_beforenm	219.73 MB/s	1099 iterations	5001 ms	1.07 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_afternm	13.51 MB/s	68 iterations	5031 ms	68.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_open_afternm	13.53 MB/s	68 iterations	5026 ms	68.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream	253.90 GB/s	1299990 iterations	5000 ms	1269.52 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream_xor	15.38 MB/s	77 iterations	5007 ms	77.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_salsa20	501.70 GB/s	2568713 iterations	5000 ms	2508.51 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_hsalsa20	542.12 GB/s	2775633 iterations	5000 ms	2710.58 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_point_add	1.40 GB/s	7151 iterations	5000 ms	6.98 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalar_base	119.08 MB/s	596 iterations	5005 ms	596.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult_base	222.95 MB/s	1115 iterations	5001 ms	1.09 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult	213.73 MB/s	1069 iterations	5001 ms	1.04 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_pk_to_x25519_pk	1.26 GB/s	6467 iterations	5000 ms	6.32 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_x25519_sk	54.29 GB/s	277969 iterations	5000 ms	271.45 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_keypair	137.13 MB/s	686 iterations	5002 ms	686.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign	2.67 MB/s	14 iterations	5235 ms	14.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_open	4.60 MB/s	23 iterations	5004 ms	23.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_16	3872.89 GB/s	19829184 iterations	5000 ms	19364.44 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_32	3581.01 GB/s	18334757 iterations	5000 ms	17905.04 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_64	3682.11 GB/s	18852390 iterations	5000 ms	18410.54 GB

Javascript

In javascript converted code, the bitwise operations are handled as 32-bit operations.

$ pub get
$ dart2js benchmark/all_benchmark.dart -o all_benchmark.js
$ node all_benchmark.js
| Digest | BLAKE2B | 14.67 MB/s | 74 iterations | 5044 ms | 74.00 MB |
| Digest | SHA-256 | 14.75 MB/s | 74 iterations | 5018 ms | 74.00 MB |
...

Resultss

Alg type	Alg	rate	iterations	time	data throughput
Digest	BLAKE2B	14.67 MB/s	74 iterations	5044 ms	74.00 MB
Digest	SHA-256	14.75 MB/s	74 iterations	5018 ms	74.00 MB
Digest	SHA-512	1.69 MB/s	9 iterations	5324 ms	9.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - sign	877.01 KB/s	5 iterations	5838 ms	5.00 MB
Signatures	Ed25519 - verify	1.52 MB/s	8 iterations	5267 ms	8.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - encrypt	2.65 MB/s	14 iterations	5276 ms	14.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	SecretBox - decrypt	3.67 MB/s	19 iterations	5175 ms	19.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - encrypt	2.75 MB/s	14 iterations	5099 ms	14.00 MB
Authenticated Encryption	Box - decrypt	3.69 MB/s	19 iterations	5144 ms	19.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha256	11.24 MB/s	57 iterations	5072 ms	57.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_hash_sha512	1.91 MB/s	10 iterations	5237 ms	10.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha256	4.53 MB/s	23 iterations	5074 ms	23.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_auth_hmacsha512	1.53 MB/s	8 iterations	5235 ms	8.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_keypair	499.60 MB/s	2498 iterations	5000 ms	2.44 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_curve25519xsalsa20poly1305	6.75 MB/s	34 iterations	5039 ms	34.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_beforenm	544.29 MB/s	2722 iterations	5001 ms	2.66 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_afternm	6.38 MB/s	32 iterations	5013 ms	32.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_box_open_afternm	6.63 MB/s	34 iterations	5129 ms	34.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream	92.58 GB/s	473999 iterations	5000 ms	462.89 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_stream_xor	7.57 MB/s	38 iterations	5017 ms	38.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_salsa20	195.29 GB/s	999893 iterations	5000 ms	976.46 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_core_hsalsa20	196.11 GB/s	1004089 iterations	5000 ms	980.56 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_point_add	3.55 GB/s	18177 iterations	5000 ms	17.75 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalar_base	295.16 MB/s	1477 iterations	5004 ms	1.44 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult_base	529.09 MB/s	2646 iterations	5001 ms	2.58 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_scalarmult	556.69 MB/s	2784 iterations	5001 ms	2.72 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_pk_to_x25519_pk	3.62 GB/s	18515 iterations	5000 ms	18.08 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_x25519_sk	13.41 GB/s	68635 iterations	5000 ms	67.03 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_keypair	287.09 MB/s	1436 iterations	5002 ms	1.40 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign	932.10 KB/s	5 iterations	5493 ms	5.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_sign_open	1.78 MB/s	9 iterations	5066 ms	9.00 MB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_16	3523.37 GB/s	18039674 iterations	5000 ms	17616.87 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_32	2585.52 GB/s	13237885 iterations	5000 ms	12927.62 GB
TweetNaCl	crypto_verify_64	2594.30 GB/s	13282803 iterations	5000 ms	12971.49 GB

Conclusion

TBD

pinenacl 0.6.0⧉

Benchmark

JiT (Dart VM) Benhcmark

Results

AoT (native binary)

Results

Javascript

Resultss

Conclusion

pinenacl 0.6.0